Características epidemiológicas y clínicas de la tos ferina en los lactantes hospitalizados en Sevilla durante el periodo 2007-2011 / Clinical and epidemiological features of pertussis among hospitalized infants in Seville during 2007-2011

Introducción A pesar de la vacunación sistemática, la tos ferina (TF) continúa produciendo una carga de enfermedad importante, especialmente entre los lactantes menores de 6 meses, El objetivo del estudio fue describir la epidemiología, las características clínicas y hematológicas y la duración de la estancia hospitalaria y la mortalidad de los pacientes ingresados por TF en uno de los principales centros terciarios pediátricos de la comunidad andaluza en el último quinquenio. Métodos Serie de casos de pacientes hospitalizados con TF entre los años 2007 y 2011, ambos inclusive. Resultados Hubo 39 casos de TF en el periodo de estudio, con un incremento significativo en la incidencia anual entre 2007 y 2011 (p = 0,0003). Se ingresaron en la UCI 11 pacientes, todos durante los años 2010 y 2011, y 2 de estos pacientes fallecieron. Los niños que requirieron ingreso en la UCI mostraron, comparados con el grupo de pacientes con hospitalización convencional, una enfermedad más atípica y con mayor incidencia al ingreso de apneas y distrés respiratorio, así como tos pertusoide menos frecuente, con menor porcentaje relativo de linfocitos y de sospecha diagnóstica inicial, mientras que los valores de la proteína C reactiva fueron más elevados y la estancia hospitalaria más prolongada. Conclusiones La incidencia de la TF se ha incrementado de forma muy importante en el último quinquenio entre los lactantes hospitalizados con morbilidad grave, incluyendo complicaciones inusuales y mortalidad asociada. En el contexto epidemiológico presente se debe tener un nivel de alerta elevado para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad entre los niños lactantes ingresados en las unidades de terapia intensiva porque pueden presentar manifestaciones más «atípicas» de la enfermedad que puede cursar con un curso desfavorable de muy rápida progresión(AU)

Introduction Despite routine pertussis immunization, pertussis burden remains high, especially among infants. The aim of this study was to describe epidemiologic, clinical and outcome features in pediatric patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Andalusia (Southern Spain) with confirmed Bordetella pertussis infection. Methods Retrospective descriptive study based on a review of medical records for all pediatric patients admitted to Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (Sevilla) between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2011. Results Overall, 39 patients were diagnosed with pertussis during the study period with significant higher incidence rate in 2011 compared to 2007 (p = 0.0003). Eleven children were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) in 2010 and 2011 and two of them died. Patients who were admitted to ICU presented with more atypical disease compared to controls in a conventional ward. They were less likely to have pertussoid cough and clinical diagnosis at admission and had a smaller percentage of lymphocytes. C reactive protein values were higher and they had a longer duration of hospital stay. Conclusion The pertussis incidence rate increased significantly among hospitalized infants during the study period, and was associated with severe morbidity, including unusual complications, and mortality. A higher awareness of the clinical diagnosis of pertussis among infants admitted to ICU is required due to more atypical manifestations, and the risk of sudden deterioration associated to fatal outcome(AU)

[Clinical and epidemiological features of pertussis among hospitalized infants in Seville during 2007-2011]. / Características epidemiológicas y clínicas de la tos ferina en los lactantes hospitalizados en Sevilla durante el periodo 2007-2011.

INTRODUCTION: Despite routine pertussis immunization, pertussis burden remains high, especially among infants. The aim of this study was to describe epidemiologic, clinical and outcome features in pediatric patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Andalusia (Southern Spain) with confirmed Bordetella pertussis infection. METHODS: Retrospective descriptive study based on a review of medical records for all pediatric patients admitted to Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (Sevilla) between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2011. RESULTS: Overall, 39 patients were diagnosed with pertussis during the study period with significant higher incidence rate in 2011 compared to 2007 (p=0.0003). Eleven children were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) in 2010 and 2011 and two of them died. Patients who were admitted to ICU presented with more atypical disease compared to controls in a conventional ward. They were less likely to have pertussoid cough and clinical diagnosis at admission and had a smaller percentage of lymphocytes. Creactive protein values were higher and they had a longer duration of hospital stay. CONCLUSION: The pertussis incidence rate increased significantly among hospitalized infants during the study period, and was associated with severe morbidity, including unusual complications, and mortality. A higher awareness of the clinical diagnosis of pertussis among infants admitted to ICU is required due to more atypical manifestations, and the risk of sudden deterioration associated to fatal outcome.

Artritis tuberculosa en paciente de 2 años de edad / No disponible

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Infant with probable catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome successfully managed with rituximab.

The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an acquired thrombophilic disorder characterized by the presence of autoantibodies to a variety of phospholipids and phospholipid-binding proteins. Clinical manifestations range from being asymptomatic to having imminently life-threatening events. Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) occurs in <1% of patients with APS and is defined by multiple small-vessel occlusions that lead to multiple-organ failure and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Here we report the case of a 3-month-old boy with probable CAPS who presented to us with digital necrosis and pulmonary hemorrhage. In addition, a skin biopsy demonstrated multiple small-vessel thromboses without signs of vasculitis. Results of testing for autoantibodies were positive for anti-beta(2) glycoprotein I (anti-beta(2)-GPI) only. His treatment consisted of high-dose steroids, immunoglobulin therapy, exchange transfusion, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab as well as iloprost and bosentan as vasodilators for his ischemia; he showed an excellent clinical response. To the best of our knowledge, this is the youngest patient with probable CAPS, the first reported patient to test positive for anti-beta(2)-GPI antibodies and negative for anticardiolipin antibodies and lupus anticoagulant, and the second patient reported to be successfully treated with an immunomodulatory regimen including rituximab.